Category: Grad School

Budget Breakdown: Federal Funding for the NIH

As my regular readers know, I use Science Decoded for my long form journalism class. As part of that, sometimes my posts have to meet requirements outlined by my professor. This week, the assignment was to write about budget. My recent post on Wisconsin’s budget protests brought up the issue of understanding what your government pays for, so I’ve decided to do a breakdown of the 2012 NIH budget.
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As citizens it is important to know what is included in the federal budget. Among academics, intellectuals, people who are informed about their government, and people who pretend to be informed about their government this is a generally accepted statement. But why is budget important, really?

Well, my first answer is that you shouldn’t whine or praise something that you don’t understand. So (even though people do) you can’t say you disagree with or approve of the way things are budgeted, when you don’t even know what is in the budget, or why it is included and thus deemed worthy of public funding. I think it SHOULD be generally accepted that you don’t open your mouth about things you don’t understand (even though people always do…) so for the sheer ability to speak intelligently about your beliefs, I think people should know what is federally funded.

The other reason that I think people should take the time to look at budget appropriations (what money goes to who for what) is because people take federal funding for granted. The beautiful thing about being Americans is that what we want matters, and what we say can effect our government. We trust our government to do with our money what we want them to, but we should still make sure that the government follows through. You can’t just assume that what you believe deserves funding, is actually being funded. Do you want your money to be spent finding a cure for cancer? (I’ll assume you said “yes”) Do you know how much money the government actually spends trying to find a cure for cancer?** (I’ll assume you said “no”) Isn’t that a problem?

To be a part of the American democracy you need to know what your government does. At the very least, you should know who the government is giving your money to, so you can then decide if you support or are opposed to the government’s actions. Have an opinion. Have an informed opinion. The information is out there and readily available for those who seek it.

So now that I hope I’ve convinced you that you should care about budget, I come to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). I know I’ll sound like a snot for saying this, but it AMAZES me that many people, whom I consider to be quite intelligent, don’t know what the NIH is, or what it does. The NIH is the federal government’s biomedical research organization. In addition to conducting its own research, the NIH is a huge funding machine that awards grants to thousands of researchers around the country (and even internationally) to pay for the costs associated with doing research. These costs include, but are not limited to, lab equipment (your test tubes and bunsen burners,) technology (from microscopes to genome sequencers,) consumable supplies (your reagents and pipettes,) and researcher or technician salaries.

Biomedical research is a multi-million dollar industry. But only a fraction of the research conducted in the United States is actually funded by industry. By far, the most important funding organization for researchers who are not industry based (ie: most college professors) is the NIH. Without federal support for these researchers, most would not be able to conduct their experiments. The budget that has been requested by President Obama for fiscal year (FY) 2012 to fund the NIH and all of its programs is $32.0 Billion. Yes, Billion.

The request by President Obama must be passed by the House of Representatives and the Senate before it is approved. But, these proposed numbers still demonstrate exactly why the NIH and its budget are so important. The proposed $32.0 billion represents an increase of $745 million from FY 2010 – an increase of 2.4%. However, current estimates place inflation from 2010 at 3%. So, even though the budget is going up, the NIH will be able to fund LESS projects than it did in 2010 because the increase will not be enough to counter the effect of inflation. In spite of this, the budget request still shows that research is a priority for this administration (ie: it could be much worse).

What does that $32 billion actually get you? Well, the NIH office of budget has a great table that outlines how the money is expected to be allocated among its institutes, in addition to a great document (with diagrams) that compares the budget for each institute over the last few years (which is where I pulled the following numbers from).

What falls under the NIH, and thus gets parts of its $32 billion? (listed from most funds to least):
National Institutes of…

  • Cancer (NCI) – $5,196,136,000 (**this is what the government spends finding a cure for cancer)
  • Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) – $4,915,970,000
  • Heart, Lung, and Blood – $3,147,992,000
  • General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) – $2,102,300,000
  • Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases – $1,837,957,000
  • Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) – $1,664,253,000
  • Mental Health – $1,517,006,000
  • Child Health and Human Development  – $1,352,189,000
  • Office of the Director – $1,298,412,000 (Former NHGRI head, Francis Collins is NIH Director)
  • Center for Research Resources – $1,297,900,000
  • Aging – $1,129,987,000
  • Drug Abuse (NIDA) – $1,080,018,000
  • Eye Institute – $719,059,000
  • Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases – $547,891,000
  • Human Genome Research (NHGRI) – $524,807,000
  • Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism – $469,197,000
  • Deafness and Other Communication Disorders – $426,043,000
  • Dental and Craniofacial Research – $420,369,000
  • National Library of Medicine – $387,153,000
  • Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering – $322,106,000
  • Minority Health and Health Disparities – $214,608,000
  • Nursing Research – $148,114,000
  • Complimentary and Alternative Medicine – $131,102,000
  • Buildings and Facilities – $125,581,000
  • Environmental Health Sciences – $81,085,000
  • John E. Fogarty International Center – $71,328,000

The NIH funds a lot of smaller agencies, each with their own specific health focus. Still, even the smallest money allotment represents way more money that I could ever imagine having at my disposal (how my bank account would rejoice at seeing $71 million dollars). I hope that seeing the numbers actually broken down by agency will help people see why budget is important. There are a lot of agencies, handling a lot of money, but they are working on problems that effect the everyday lives of millions of Americans – from malaria to depression and everything in between.

Budget, particularly federal budget is a complex issue, and I haven’t by any means covered everything here. I encourage everyone to take their new understanding of how the NIH is broken down to follow the money trail even more and see what specific research projects are funded by each agency under the NIH’s leadership. The NIH’s RePORT system is one place where you can learn more about how much is spent on specific diseases. The NIH’s Office of Extramural Research can also help you learn more about how researchers go about applying for and receiving money from the NIH.

There is a lot of good information out there about budget. If you aren’t one for reading budget documents online, here is a video of the FY 2012 Health and Human Services (HHS) Department budget presentation. You’ll see Francis Collins (head of the NIH) third from the right, because the NIH falls under the jurisdiction of the HHS (that $32 billion for the NIH comes out of the even bigger HHS budget of $79.9 billion). Head of the HHS Kathleen Sebelius gives a pretty easy to follow breakdown of the important points in the FY 2012 budget.

Budget matters. It’s your money, don’t you want to know where it goes?
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Update 2/21/11 – It is important to remember that the $32 billion number is just a request. It could very well change if Republicans pull their support from the NIH. Current predictions say the Republicans aim to cut $1 billion from the proposed budget. Check out the New York Times coverage for more information

What’s Up Wisconsin? (Protests, That’s What)

My adopted state of Wisconsin (don’t worry New Jersey, I’ll always love you most) is making major headlines this week due to protests against Governor Scott Walker’s budget proposal which would essentially tie the hands of the teacher’s union (WEAC) while simultaneously requiring state employees to pay a significantly increased amount into their benefits.

While I don’t write about politics or education, and I am in fact quite biased on these issues being the daughter of two New Jersey state employees, I still think that it is important to highlight the media coverage being given to these events.

Madison, which is my temporary home while I’m attending UW, is the state capitol of Wisconsin. The protests that have been going on in opposition to the budget (an estimated 20,000 people outside the capitol building, according to CBS News 3) are just steps outside my front door. Classes at the University have been disrupted due to the protests (in addition to schools throughout Wisconsin having to close due to the absence of teachers).

As a grad student I have been privy to at least half a dozen (but I think more) emails about how teachers should act in response to the protests. Grad students are often tapped at TA’s or in some cases teach lower level classes, and while I don’t teach at UW, many of my colleagues have had to choose whether to show up for class, or throw their support behind the protesters.

When I talk about politics, I try hard not to spout my own views, so I’ll just wrap up by giving you some links to check out for more information about the causes of the protests, the details of the proposed budget, how the city of Madison is being effected and how the nation is taking notice.

Reuters: Democratic Lawmakers Leave Wisconsin To Protest Union Curbs 
New York Times: Democrats Missing, Wisconsin Vote on Cuts is Delayed
Politico: The Politics of Education Upended
CNN: State Democrats Absent for Vote as Wisconsin Budget Protests Swell
CBS News: Wisconsin Protests Continue As Dems Leave State to Stall Budget Repair Vote
ABC News: Wisconsin Teachers Protest Ed Budget, Union Cuts
Bloomberg: Public Employee Protests Spread from Wisconsin to Ohio
Huffington Post: Wisconsin Protests: State Police Pursue Democratic Lawmakers Boycotting Vote

This is just an amateur video I snagged off of YouTube, but I think it gives you a good sense of what being in the crowd out here is like.

Sheep

To shake things up, today I don’t have a journalism trend or scientific discovery to talk about. Instead, I want to discuss sheep, more specifically sheep herding.

I mentioned a while back that I’m taking a zoology class this semester with Patricia McConnell about human and animal behavior. Today our class was held in the stock pavilion (yes, I attend a University that has its own stock pavilion) and Prof. McConnell brought in her own sheep from her farm for a demonstration of how her herding dog Willie gets the sheep to do what he wants them to through body movements, and also how she controls Willie.

Not my professors sheep (my pics didn’t come out so well)
There sheep are from Wikimedia Commons.

To prepare for class we had done some readings about how animals respond to sounds. In the demonstration we were shown that short, staccato sounds are best for motivating an animal to move and low long sounds are best for getting it to slow down or stop. I find it really interesting that this is a universal trend among animals. Its also interesting that the sounds to get the dog to go clockwise or counterclockwise (moving the sheep right or left) vary by the animal’s handler, but also tend to be short yet distinguishable sounds.

It was fun to demonstrate the principles we are learning in class in real-life settings and not just through reading academic papers. Plus, I got to see sheep and for a Jersey Girl that still has a lot of novelty.

Blogging Experiments

This semester for my long form journalism class (J880) with Deb Blum, everyone is going to be blogging in their speciality. I considered creating a specific blog just for the class, but I really like Science Decoded and I felt like if I was trying to keep up with a second blog, this one would fall to the wayside.

So, that being said there will definitely be some changes to my posts for the next few months. I want to keep the casual and personal feel that this blog has, but I’m only going to do personal posts if they are related to my work or school. I’m also going to be putting up lengthier posts with more background research in them, as opposed to my current standard of short posts filled with my own commentary.

Hopefully I can keep up a cohesive feel while I’m experimenting with different styles and types of posts. I’ll probably differentiate posts for class vs. regular daily posts in some way. I think using the blog for class should be fun to get more traffic to this site, and help me try to develop Science Decoded into a way to market myself.

First Day Of School

Yesterday was the first day of classes for the spring semester. As much as I struggled to come back to Wisconsin this semester I know that it will be a busy and productive few months. My first class was my science elective, the Biology and Psychology of Human and Animal Relationships.

A border collie like Willie. Source: Wikimedia Commons

I was a little concerned signing up for a zoology course, considering the majority of my science background is in environmental science (with a little biology on the side.) But, I think this class will be incredibly interesting, and judging by the readings the material won’t be anything that I can’t handle.

My professor Patricia McConnell brought her dog Willie to class for the first day. He served as an example of the emotions that some humans feel toward animals, and started a discussion about why we feel more connected to animals like dogs than we do to say a chicken. Willie is a border collie and a trained sheep herding dog, so he was well behaved enough to be allowed to wander the huge lecture hall walking up and down the rows to be petted.

It is just the beginning of the semester, but already I’ve got the ball rolling on several projects. I’m still doing background for my first Primate Center assignment, but I’ve got my first interview for that scheduled for next week. I’ve got a freelance project that I’m working on that is more health/medical writing so that is also something that is taking up my time. Being so busy is helping with my homesickness.